[Prevalence of thrombocytopenia in HIV infected children]

Thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic finding in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to the development of chronic thrombocytopenia as immune-mediated platelet destruction, enhanced platelet splenic sequestration and impaired platelet production. Acute thrombocytopenia is frequently associated with coexisting disorders. In this study, the prevalence of thrombocytopenia was evaluated in a cohort of HIV infected children analyzing the clinical features and the association with the immunological and virological status of the disease in a 14 year-follow-up period. Thrombocytopenia prevalence was of 8.5% (29 out 339 children evaluated). Chronic and acute thrombocytopenia was observed in 22 and 7 children respectively. The percentages of CD4+ T cells were variable and not related with the presence of thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenic patients showed viral load levels significantly increased; being the thrombocytopenia the initial clinical manifestation of HIV infection in 10 out 29 children. Mild chronic thrombocytopenia bleeding found in 23% of children evaluated was not correlated with the immunologic status of the disease. In contrast, the severity of acute thrombocytopenia depended on the evolution of associated clinical conditions. Constant viral activity and failure in the use of antiretroviral agents might induce the development of thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected children.