[Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) families. Relation with serotypes and clinical site of infection]

PspA, a pneumococcal surface protein, is highly immunogenic and common to all serotypes. Although pspA gene shows a great heterogeneity at the N-terminal region, PspA protein has conserved epytopes which are able to elicit protective cross-reaction against various serotypes presenting different PspA. In spite of the high polimorfism of the PspA, three majority families can be identified. These properties convert PspA as ideal candidate for the formulation of a pneumococcal vaccine. Investigations of the PspA families were mostly carried out on prevalent serotypes in other countries. The aim of this study was to identify PspA families from Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of our region as well as to associate them to prevalent serotypes or pathologies. We studied 70 isolates from pediatric patients with invasive infections. PCR was performed using specific primers for each family. In these studies we observed that 60% were PspA family 1, 34% were PspA family 2 and 6% remained unclassified. Serotypes 1 and 5 presented only family 1; serotypes 14, 6B, 19F y 18C showed genes from both families. Family 1 was observed respectively in 60 y 50% of pneumonias and meningitis. The family 2 was identified in 33 and 50% of pneumonias and meningitis. This information about the PspA family distribution could become a valuable contribution to develop an effective regional vaccine using recombinant PspA as immunogen.