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Affinity Purification of Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from the Chromatin of Infected Cells

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Published on: June 3, 2012

'Dippers' flu' and its relationship to PON1 polymorphisms.

Nicola Cherry¹, Michael Mackness, Bharti Mackness

¹Community and Occupational Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, 5-30 University Terrace, 8303-112 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G1K4, Canada. ncherry@ualberta.ca

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

|October 6, 2010

Summary

Sheep dippers experiencing acute flu-like symptoms, known as dippers' flu (DF), may share a genetic link with chronic ill-health. Organophosphate exposure, particularly diazinon, combined with a specific PON1 gene variant, increases DF risk.

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Toxicology
Genetics

Background:

Sheep dippers report acute flu-like symptoms (dippers' flu, DF), but its cause and link to chronic disability remain unclear.
Previous studies suggest potential health impacts from sheep dipping practices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cause of dippers' flu (DF) and its relationship with chronic ill-health in sheep dippers.
To explore the role of pesticide exposure and genetic polymorphisms in DF and chronic disability.

Main Methods:

A case-referent study involving 175 chronically disabled sheep dippers and 234 healthy referents.
Data collection included interviews on dipping history, pesticide use, and health status from 1970-2000, alongside blood typing for PON1 polymorphisms.

Main Results:

DF was reported significantly more often in chronically unwell sheep dippers (66.3%) compared to healthy referents (18.0%).
A specific PON1 polymorphism (192R allele) was associated with DF reports in both chronically ill and healthy individuals.
Interaction between handling diazinon concentrate and the PON1 192R genotype increased DF risk, suggesting organophosphates as a potential cause.

Conclusions:

'Dippers' flu' and chronic ill-health linked to sheep dipping share a common PON1 192R polymorphism.
Organophosphate exposure, particularly diazinon, interacts with PON1 genotype to potentially cause DF.
Healthy sheep dippers experiencing DF should consider limiting further organophosphate exposure.