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Control of a visual keyboard using an electrocorticographic brain-computer interface.

Dean J Krusienski¹, Jerry J Shih

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair

|October 6, 2010

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Brain-computer interfaces using electrocorticography (ECOG) signals from the brain surface enabled patients to control a visual keyboard with near 100% accuracy. This novel approach allows language output without voice or limb movement.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) facilitate communication for individuals with severe disabilities.
Current BCIs primarily utilize scalp electroencephalography (EEG) for motor control tasks.
The study explores the potential of direct cortical surface signals for enhanced BCI performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of electrocorticography (ECOG) signals for controlling a communication/spelling task.
To compare the performance of ECOG-based BCIs with traditional scalp EEG methods.
To determine if signals outside the language cortex can aid in controlling a visual keyboard.

Main Methods:

Six patients with epilepsy underwent testing using ECOG signals.

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A visual keyboard task was employed to assess BCI control.

Linear classifiers were trained on preprocessed ECOG data to predict intended letters.

Main Results:

The BCI system achieved near 100% accuracy in predicting target characters for 5 out of 6 participants.
Successful control was achieved using fewer than 15 stimulation sequences.
ECOG signals from both language and non-language cortical areas contributed to effective keyboard control.

Conclusions:

ECOG signals offer a more effective method for controlling communication BCIs compared to scalp EEG.
This study demonstrates the capability of ECOG for generating language output via a visual keyboard.
The findings highlight the potential of invasive BCIs for restoring communication in severely disabled individuals.