Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Uncertainty: Overview00:59

Uncertainty: Overview

In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals00:54

Uncertainty: Confidence Intervals

The confidence interval is the range of values around the mean that contains the true mean. It is expressed as a probability percentage. The interpretation of a 95% confidence interval, for instance, is that the statistician is 95% confident that the true mean falls within the interval. The upper and lower limits of this range are known as confidence limits. The confidence limits for the true mean are estimated from the sample's mean, the standard deviation, and the statistical factor 't,' or...
Entropy Changes Accompanying Specific Processes01:21

Entropy Changes Accompanying Specific Processes

Entropy, a measure of disorder in a system, changes during phase transitions like freezing or boiling. At the transition temperature Ttrs, where two phases are in equilibrium, the phase transition is a reversible process. The entropy change can be calculated from a substance's enthalpy of transition using the equation ΔStrs = ΔtrsH /Ttrs.When a perfect gas expands isothermally from one volume to another, entropy increases logarithmically with volume. Conversely, isothermal compression results...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Eccentricity effects on blur and depth perception.

Optics express·2020
Same author

Toward Standardized Classification of Foveated Displays.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2020
Same author

Manufacturing Application-Driven Foveated Near-Eye Displays.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2019
Same author

Compressing Color Data for Voxelized Surface Geometry.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2017
Same author

Anaesthesia in patients with liver disease.

Current opinion in anaesthesiology·2017
Same author

Wide Field Of View Varifocal Near-Eye Display Using See-Through Deformable Membrane Mirrors.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2017
Same journal

Blue Noise Dithering for Reservoir-based Spatio-temporal Importance Resampling.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

ROS-GS: Relightable Outdoor Scenes With Gaussian Splatting.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

MesoSplats: Texture Synthesis with Gaussian Splatting.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

GLLA: A Unified Force-Directed Graph Layout Framework Supporting Local Adjustments.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

Multi-Perception Crowd: Learning to combine entity and implicit perception for diverse crowd simulation.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same journal

Hiding in Plain Sight: Camouflaging Real-world Objects.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Sealable Femtoliter Chamber Arrays for Cell-free Biology
13:44

Sealable Femtoliter Chamber Arrays for Cell-free Biology

Published on: March 11, 2015

Stochastic transparency.

Eric Enderton1, Erik Sintorn, Peter Shirley

  • 1NVIDIA Corp., 2701 San Tomas Expwy, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA. eenderton@nvidia.com

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
|October 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stochastic transparency uses random sub-pixel patterns for order-independent rendering, antialiasing, and shadow mapping. This method efficiently handles diverse transparent objects like smoke and foliage on GPUs with reduced noise.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Sealable Femtoliter Chamber Arrays for Cell-free Biology
13:44

Sealable Femtoliter Chamber Arrays for Cell-free Biology

Published on: March 11, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Computer Graphics
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • Order-independent transparency is challenging for real-time rendering.
  • Existing methods often require sorting or multiple passes.
  • Aliasing and complex shadow rendering add further complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a unified approach for order-independent transparency, antialiasing, and deep shadow maps.
  • To develop a GPU-friendly algorithm for rendering complex transparent scenes.
  • To minimize artifacts and computational overhead in transparency rendering.

Main Methods:

  • Augmenting screen-door transparency with a random sub-pixel stipple pattern.
  • Utilizing a single render pass with fixed memory and no sorting.
  • Employing an alpha correction pass and an accumulation pass with stochastic shadow maps to reduce noise.
  • Designing a pixel-level algorithm without branching or read-modify-write loops.

Main Results:

  • Achieved correct alpha-blended colors on average.
  • Demonstrated efficient rendering on massively parallel GPU hardware.
  • Successfully rendered diverse transparent elements (hair, smoke, foliage, cloth) without special cases.
  • Introduced noise manageable through post-processing passes.

Conclusions:

  • Stochastic transparency offers a unified, simple, and efficient solution for complex transparency rendering.
  • The algorithm is well-suited for modern GPU architectures.
  • It supports a wide range of transparent materials seamlessly in a single scene.