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Related Concept Videos

Solubility03:00

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules, atoms, and/or ions)...
Calculating the Equilibrium Constant02:46

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

The equilibrium constant for a reaction is calculated from the equilibrium concentrations (or pressures) of its reactants and products. If these concentrations are known, the calculation simply involves their substitution into the Kc expression.
For example, gaseous nitrogen dioxide forms dinitrogen tetroxide according to this equation:
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le Chatelier's...
Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

K2[Hg(SO3)2]·2.25H2O.

Matthias Weil1, Stefan O Baumann, Dietrich K Breitinger

  • 1Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Division of Structural Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164-SC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. mweil@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|October 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dipotassium bis(sulfito-κS)mercurate(II) 2.25-hydrate features a layered structure with [Hg(SO(3))(2)](2-) anions forming centrosymmetric pairs. These pairs are surrounded by potassium cations, creating a unique structural arrangement with intermolecular interactions influencing anion geometry.

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Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Published on: May 26, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The study focuses on dipotassium bis(sulfito-κS)mercurate(II) 2.25-hydrate, a compound with a layered structure.
  • Understanding the coordination chemistry of mercury(II) complexes with sulfite ligands is crucial for materials science and inorganic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of dipotassium bis(sulfito-κS)mercurate(II) 2.25-hydrate.
  • To analyze the coordination environment of mercury and potassium ions, and the geometry of the bis(sulfito-κS)mercurate(II) anion.
  • To compare the structure with related mercury sulfite salts.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, coordination numbers, and intermolecular interactions was performed.

Main Results:

  • The compound exhibits a layered structure parallel to (001), with [Hg(SO(3))(2)](2-) anions forming centrosymmetric pairs coordinated by K(+) cations.
  • Mercury atoms are twofold coordinated by sulfur atoms (Hg-S bond length of 2.384(2) Å).
  • Intermolecular O...Hg interactions cause slight bending of the anions, and potassium coordination polyhedra are distorted (coordination numbers 6-9).

Conclusions:

  • The structure of dipotassium bis(sulfito-κS)mercurate(II) 2.25-hydrate is characterized by layered arrangements and specific coordination geometries.
  • Hydrogen bonding involving water molecules contributes to the structural stability.
  • Structural comparisons with related mercury sulfite salts highlight similarities and differences in anion arrangements and coordination.