Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
Isomerism in Alkenes02:01

Isomerism in Alkenes

Alkenes like 1-butene and 2-butene exhibit constitutional isomerism, as they differ in the position of the double bond. Further, 2-butene exhibits stereoisomerism and exists as two distinct compounds differing in spatial arrangement.
An isomer is called cis-2-butene when the methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond, and the other stereoisomer, in which methyl groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, is called trans-2-butene. The cis and trans stereoisomers are not...
π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion01:18

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion

An allyl group is a three-carbon conjugated system where the sp³-hybridized allylic carbon is bonded to a CH=CH2 group via a single bond. Allyl anions can be obtained by treating propene with a strong base that can deprotonate methyl groups. Allyl cations are formed as intermediates during substitution reactions involving allylic halides. In both cases, the hybridization of the allylic carbon changes from sp3 to sp2, giving rise to a carbon chain with three sp2-hybridized carbons, each with an...
π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical01:27

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical

Allyl radicals are three-carbon conjugated systems. They are readily formed as intermediates in halogenation reactions of alkenes involving the addition of halogen to the allylic carbon instead of the double bond. As seen in allyl cations and anions, each of the three sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in allyl radicals has an unhybridized p orbital. These orbitals combine to give three π molecular orbitals.
The allyl systems have identical molecular orbitals but differ in the number of π electrons.
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...
IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the C=O stretching, is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Evolution of a 'privileged' P-alkene ligand: added planar chirality beats BINOL axial chirality in catalytic asymmetric C-C bond formation.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Elusive Interplay of 3D Structural Similarity and Twinning in Mechanical Flexibility of Luminescent Organic Crystals.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Transformations of thiocarbonyls into alkenes via Barton-Kellogg olefination.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2025
Same author

Syntheses of Structurally Complex Marine Cyclopropyl-Diterpenoids: Peyssonnoside A and Its Aglycon.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Functional biosynthetic stereodivergence in a gene cluster via a dihydrosydnone N-oxide.

Communications chemistry·2024
Same author

Stable Meisenheimer Complexes as Powerful Photoreductants Readily Obtained from Aza-Hetero Aromatic Compounds.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

An optically pure P-alkene-ligated Ir(I) complex.

Anthony Linden1, Romano Dorta

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. alinden@oci.uzh.ch

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|October 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel iridium(I) complex featuring a unique dioxaphosphacycloheptadiene ligand. The coordination geometry and ligand conformation were analyzed, revealing insights into steric strain and electronic effects in organometallic chemistry.

More Related Videos

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
09:54

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

Published on: September 12, 2018

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes
09:54

Chemoselective Preparation of 1-Iodoalkynes, 1,2-Diiodoalkenes, and 1,1,2-Triiodoalkenes Based on the Oxidative Iodination of Terminal Alkynes

Published on: September 12, 2018

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Iridium complexes are vital in catalysis and materials science.
  • Understanding ligand coordination is key to designing new functional molecules.
  • Organophosphorus ligands offer unique electronic and steric properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the solid-state structure of a novel iridium(I) complex.
  • To analyze the coordination geometry and conformational preferences of the P-alkene ligand.
  • To investigate the impact of bidentate coordination on ligand and metal center geometry.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
  • Determination of the asymmetric unit and molecular symmetry.
  • Analysis of coordination geometry and bond parameters.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains two independent iridium(I) complex molecules with approximate C(2) symmetry.
  • Iridium centers exhibit trigonal-bipyramidal coordination with axial phosphorus atoms.
  • Bidentate coordination induces pyramidal geometry at the nitrogen atom and an anti conformation in the ligand.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of a new iridium(I) complex.
  • Ligand conformation and steric strain significantly influence the coordination environment.
  • Insights into the structure-property relationships of iridium-organophosphorus complexes were gained.