Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in skin isolates from hospital acquired infections

A M Sajna1, M Kuruvilla, S Shenoy

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.

Insights

Methicillin resistance was found in 40.47% of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates from hospital infections. This highlights a growing trend of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and the need for early detection and antibiotic stewardship.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Nosocomial infections pose a significant threat in healthcare settings.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections.
  • The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly MRSA, is a global health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from nosocomial infections.
  • To assess the current trend of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-four clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from patients with nosocomial infections.
  • Methicillin resistance screening was performed on all collected S. aureus isolates.

Main Results:

  • A high prevalence of methicillin resistance was detected, with 40.47% of S. aureus isolates exhibiting resistance.
  • The findings suggest a rising incidence of MRSA compared to previous years.

Conclusions:

  • The study underscores the increasing prevalence of MRSA in nosocomial infections.
  • Early detection of resistant strains and judicious antibiotic use are crucial strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Related Concept Videos

Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...