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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:39

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

Beneath the surface: derm clues to underlying disorders.

Christian R Halvorson1, Richard Colgan

  • 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Mercy Medical Center, 301 St. Paul Place, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA. crhalvor@gmail.com

The Journal of Family Practice
|October 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing cutaneous lupus erythematosus requires a comprehensive approach. Utilizing histologic, immunofluorescent biopsy results, and American College of Rheumatology criteria helps differentiate skin-limited disease from systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
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Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:39

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
09:37

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:44

Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: June 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) presents a diagnostic challenge.
  • Distinguishing CLE from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • Multiple diagnostic modalities are often necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of a multi-criteria approach in diagnosing suspected cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
  • To guide clinicians in differentiating between cutaneous-limited and systemic forms of lupus.
  • To highlight key diagnostic tools for evaluating CLE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic criteria for cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
  • Integration of histopathologic and direct immunofluorescence biopsy findings.
  • Application of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria.

Main Results:

  • Histologic examination of skin biopsies provides essential diagnostic information.
  • Direct immunofluorescence microscopy aids in identifying characteristic lupus band deposits.
  • ACR criteria are vital for assessing the likelihood of systemic involvement.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of clinical evaluation, biopsy findings (histology and immunofluorescence), and ACR criteria is essential for accurate CLE diagnosis.
  • This integrated approach facilitates the exclusion of systemic lupus erythematosus in patients presenting with cutaneous manifestations.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis ensures timely and appropriate treatment strategies for lupus patients.