[Indications for vascular grafts as dialysis access; consensus from the Italian experience]

In Italy, the use of arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) is limited (1-4%) due to different approaches to vascular access management compared to other countries, where guidelines that may not apply to the Italian setting have been produced. Therefore, the Vascular Access Study Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology produced this position paper, providing a list of 8 recommendations built upon current guidelines. The most controversial and innovative issues of the existing guidelines have been summed up in 12 different topics. We selected 60 Italian dialysis graft experts, nephrologists and vascular surgeons (PP1SIN Study Investigators). They were asked to express their approval or disapproval on each issue, thus creating a new method to share and exchange information. Almost all agreed on specific criteria for the choice of AVG over native arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) and tunneled venous catheters (tVC) and on the necessary conditions to implant them. They did not fully agree on the use of AVG in obese patients and patients at risk of developing ischemia, as an alternative to brachiobasilic fistula with vein transposition, and in case of a poorly organized setting. When AVF is feasible, it should be preferred. AVGs are indicated when superficial veins are unavailable or to repair an AVF (bridge graft). An AVG is an alternative to tVC if the expected patient survival is long enough to allow clinical benefits. The ultimate choice of the graft type is made by the physician in charge of the surgical intervention. Antithrombotic prophylaxis may be justified in some cases.