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Sign Test for Nominal Data01:12

Sign Test for Nominal Data

The sign test is a nonparametric method used to evaluate hypotheses about the median of a single sample or to compare the medians of two related samples. The sign test is particularly useful when dealing with nominal data, which includes distinct categories without an inherent order, such as names, labels, and preferences. Nominal data restricts statistical analysis to evaluating population proportions rather than mean or median values that require continuous data.
For example, consider a...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
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Nonconscious Mimicry01:13

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs
08:59

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

Published on: October 13, 2017

Human left-sided cradling preferences for dogs.

Ernest L Abel1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. eabel@wayne.edu

Psychological Reports
|October 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Women tend to hold dogs on their left side, mirroring infant cradling behavior. Men do not exhibit this same left-sided preference, suggesting potential sex-based differences in caregiving postures.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Evolutionary psychology
  • Comparative psychology

Background:

  • Previous research indicates women often cradle infants on their left side.
  • This left-sided preference in infant cradling is hypothesized to be linked to brain lateralization and emotional processing.
  • No studies have explored whether similar side-holding preferences exist for non-infant companions, such as pets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether women exhibit a left-sided holding preference for dogs, analogous to infant cradling.
  • To determine if men display a similar or different side-holding preference for dogs.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for theories on human caregiving behavior and lateralization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of photographs featuring men and women holding dogs, sourced from dog-themed magazines.

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Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:59

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: October 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs
08:59

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs

Published on: October 13, 2017

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:59

Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: October 13, 2019

  • Categorization of holding preference based on the side of the body the dog was predominantly held.
  • Statistical comparison of side-holding preferences between men and women.
  • Main Results:

    • A statistically significant majority of women held dogs on their left side.
    • Men did not demonstrate a consistent left-sided preference when holding dogs.
    • The observed pattern in women holding dogs aligns with previously reported patterns for holding infants.

    Conclusions:

    • Women's preference for holding dogs on the left side may reflect a generalized caregiving posture, potentially influenced by neurological factors.
    • The absence of this preference in men suggests sex-specific differences in how companions are held.
    • These findings contribute to understanding the behavioral and potentially evolutionary underpinnings of human-animal interactions and caregiving.