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Related Concept Videos

Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
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Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
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Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
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American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Lung cancer metastatic to breast: case report and review of the literature.

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Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus
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Transient Transduction of the Strobilated Forms of Echinococcus granulosus

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Neurocysticercosis.

Jack Moskowitz1, Geoffrey Mendelsohn

  • 1Department of Pathology, Western Reserve Care System, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Youngstown, OH 44501, USA. Jacksmoskowitz@yahoo.com

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|October 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Neurocysticercosis, a growing public health concern in the US, affects immigrants from endemic regions. Early diagnosis of this parasitic brain infection is crucial due to varied symptoms and potential for severe neurological issues.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neurocysticercosis is a significant and increasing public health issue in the United States.
  • Immigrants from areas where cysticercosis is endemic are at the highest risk.
  • The disease was once thought to be eradicated in the US, but cases are rising.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the rising incidence and diagnostic challenges of neurocysticercosis in the US.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering neurocysticercosis in individuals with risk factors and vague neurological symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and pathological processes.
  • Discussion of radiologic, laboratory, and histologic methods for diagnosis.

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  • Analysis of the inflammatory response to degenerating larvae in the central nervous system.

    • Main Results:

    • Neurocysticercosis presents with variable and often vague neurological symptoms, including sudden unexplained death.
    • Radiologic and laboratory findings aid in guiding medical and surgical interventions.
    • Histologic confirmation is essential for a definitive diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurocysticercosis poses a growing threat in the US, particularly among immigrant populations.
    • Early consideration and diagnosis are vital due to the disease's variable presentation and potential severity.
    • Understanding the inflammatory process associated with degenerating larvae is key to managing clinical symptomatology.