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Probing field-induced tissue polarization using transillumination fluorescent imaging.

Bryan J Caldwell1, Marcel Wellner, Bogdan G Mitrea

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, NY, USA. caldwelb@upstate.edu

Biophysical Journal
|October 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Electrical shock effects in the heart show discrepancies with theory. New noninvasive imaging reveals negative bulk polarization and unexpected deep layer activation, suggesting bidomain model improvements are needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Biophysical theories accurately predict some cardiac electrical shock effects.
  • Optical mapping studies reveal discrepancies: negative bulk polarization and small surface polarization.
  • Existing theories and experimental methods have limitations in explaining these phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate discrepancies between biophysical theories and experimental observations of electrical shock effects in the heart.
  • To noninvasively probe field effects deep within intact ventricular walls.
  • To explore factors that may improve agreement between bidomain theory and experimental findings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized near-infrared voltage-sensitive dyes and transillumination optical imaging for noninvasive deep tissue probing.
  • Performed experiments on intact myocardial tissue preparations.
  • Conducted bidomain simulations to model electrical shock effects.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated significant negative bulk polarization deep within intact myocardial tissue during strong electrical shocks.
  • Observed activation of deep myocardial layers (2-6 mm) by near-threshold diastolic field stimulation, contrary to theoretical predictions.
  • Bidomain simulations indicated that including negative asymmetric current can explain negative bulk polarization in discontinuous models.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive optical imaging provides new insights into deep cardiac tissue responses to electrical stimulation.
  • Experimental findings challenge existing biophysical theories regarding electrical shock effects.
  • Modifications to bidomain models, such as incorporating negative asymmetric current, may better reconcile theory with experimental observations.