Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Organizational perspectives on barriers and facilitators to an integrated care model for opioid use disorder and serious injection-related infections.

Journal of substance use and addiction treatment·2026
Same author

Safety, Efficacy, and Immunogenicity of a Multivalent Adjuvanted S. aureus Vaccine in Adults with Recent Skin And Soft Tissue Infections: An Observer-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Multinational Phase 1/2 Trial.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Prognostic Factors of Physical Function Decline Among Middle-Aged Adults With HIV.

Open forum infectious diseases·2025
Same author

Unfolded von Willebrand factor binds protein S and reduces anticoagulant activity.

Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis·2025
Same author

Equivalence of freeze-dried and liquid-frozen formulations of MVA-BN as smallpox and mpox vaccine.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2024
Same author

Unfolded Von Willebrand Factor Binds Protein S and Reduces Anticoagulant Activity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum (TOLF) Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes
07:12

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum (TOLF) Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes

Published on: April 21, 2023

Tenofovir-associated severe bone pain: I cannot walk!

Malhar A Jhaveri1, Hanna W Mawad, Alice C Thornton

  • 1University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA.

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)
|October 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Severe bone pain and mobility loss in AIDS patients using tenofovir (TDF) were reversible with TDF cessation and supplementation. Monitoring bone health indicators is crucial during TDF therapy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum (TOLF) Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes
07:12

Laminectomy for the Removal of Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum (TOLF) Using Ultrasonic and Conventional Osteotomes

Published on: April 21, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Tenofovir (TDF) is a widely used antiretroviral medication for HIV/AIDS.
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) loss and renal impairment are known potential side effects of TDF.

Observation:

  • Two adult patients with AIDS experienced severe bone pain and mobility impairment attributed to TDF use.
  • Both patients exhibited mild renal impairment, Fanconi syndrome, and reduced BMD.

Findings:

  • Discontinuation of TDF and supplementation with Vitamin D(3), calcium, and phosphate led to the reversal of bone pain and improved mobility.
  • These cases highlight the significant BMD loss potential associated with TDF.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should monitor renal function, alkaline phosphatase (bone fraction), and plasma phosphorus in patients using TDF.
  • Early detection and management of TDF-induced bone complications are essential for patient mobility and quality of life.