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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Occupational class disparities in health outcomes show varied trends in existing research.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in occupational class differences in physical functioning.
  • To identify factors contributing to these changes over time.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of middle-aged Helsinki employees was followed for 6 years (2000-2007).
  • Hierarchical linear random effects models analyzed changes in SF-36 physical functioning scores.
  • Factors examined included working conditions, material conditions, health behaviors, and employment status.

Main Results:

  • Lower occupational classes exhibited worse physical functioning at baseline.
  • Physical functioning declined more rapidly in lower occupational classes, widening the gap.
  • Among women, health behaviors and employment status partly explained the widening gap; for men, material conditions were a factor.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational class disparities in physical functioning increased over the study period.
  • Faster physical functioning decline in lower occupational classes drove this widening gap.
  • Health behaviors, employment status, and material conditions were key explanatory factors.