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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create ettringite,...
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Mortar01:29

Mortar

Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice
07:07

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2017

MTA and calcium hydroxide for pulp capping.

Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz1, Sada Assed, Mario Roberto Leonardo

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Applied Oral Science : Revista FOB
|October 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) shows excellent biocompatibility for direct pulp capping in dogs, similar to calcium hydroxide. Both materials effectively promote dentin bridge formation and maintain healthy pulp tissue.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice
07:07

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Research
  • Regenerative Dentistry

Background:

  • Direct pulp capping is a dental procedure to preserve pulp vitality.
  • Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biomaterial used in endodontics.
  • Evaluating MTA's biocompatibility is crucial for its clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the biocompatibility of MTA when used for direct pulp capping.
  • To compare MTA's efficacy with calcium hydroxide paste as a control.

Main Methods:

  • Class I cavities were prepared in 26 dog teeth.
  • MTA was applied to exposed pulp in 13 teeth; calcium hydroxide in 13 teeth.
  • Histological analysis was performed after 90 days.

Main Results:

  • Both MTA and calcium hydroxide showed similar pulp and periapical responses.
  • All specimens exhibited dentin bridge formation and an intact odontoblastic layer.
  • No significant inflammation or bone tissue changes were observed.

Conclusions:

  • MTA demonstrates excellent biocompatibility for direct pulp capping.
  • MTA is a viable alternative to calcium hydroxide for this procedure.
  • Histological findings support MTA's efficacy in promoting pulp repair.