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Land use intensity controls actinobacterial community structure.

Patrick Hill1, Václav Krištůfek, Lubbert Dijkhuizen

  • 1Department of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9750RA Haren, the Netherlands. phill@uottawa.ca

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Summary

Actinobacteria distribution in soils and sediments is influenced by land use. Cultivation, urbanization, and animal activity select for specific actinomycete groups in terrestrial environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Actinobacteria ecology
  • Soil science

Background:

  • Actinobacteria are significant producers of secondary metabolites.
  • Understanding their environmental distribution is crucial but remains unclear.
  • Diverse terrestrial environments harbor unique microbial communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution patterns of Actinobacteria in various terrestrial environments.
  • To determine the influence of land use and human activities on Actinobacteria populations.
  • To characterize novel Actinobacteria groups in different soil and sediment samples.

Main Methods:

  • DNA extraction from forest, pasture, cultivated soils, street sediments, and animal-affected sediments.
  • 16S rDNA gene amplification using actinobacterial- and bacterial-specific primers.
  • Analysis of amplicons via Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP).

Main Results:

  • Actinomycetes were disproportionately abundant in animal-affected soils and street sediments.
  • Cultivated soils showed distinct Actinobacteria community structures compared to uncultivated soils.
  • Acidobacteria dominated soil samples, while Actinomycetes were prevalent in street sediments, with some samples exceeding 90% Actinomycetes.

Conclusions:

  • Land use practices, including cultivation and urbanization, significantly shape Actinobacteria communities.
  • Animal activity also plays a role in selecting for specific Actinomycete groups in terrestrial habitats.
  • Actinomycetes are actively selected for in terrestrial soils and sediments influenced by human activities.