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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Iatrogenic bladder injuries during caesarean delivery: a case control study.

K Gungorduk¹, O Asicioglu, O Celikkol

¹Erzincan Military Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erzincan, Turkey. maidenkemal@yahoo.com

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

|October 8, 2010

Summary

Bladder injury during caesarean section occurs in 0.13% of deliveries. Prior caesarean delivery is the most significant risk factor, alongside labor presence and fetal station.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Surgical Complications

Background:

Bladder injury is a known complication of caesarean section.
Understanding risk factors is crucial for prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the incidence, risk factors, management, and outcomes of bladder injury during caesarean section.
To identify strategies for improving care and reducing maternal morbidity and mortality.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of caesarean deliveries over a defined study period.
Comparison of cases with bladder injury to a control group without injury.

Main Results:

An overall incidence of 0.13% bladder injury was observed (76 cases in 56,799 deliveries).
Previous caesarean delivery (72.4% vs 34.2%), prior pelvic surgery, and adhesions were significantly associated with bladder injury.
Intrapartum labor, fetal station ≥ +1, and macrosomia were independent risk factors.

Conclusions:

Previous caesarean delivery is the primary risk factor for bladder injury during caesarean section.
Counseling on potential complications for repeat caesarean deliveries is recommended for women undergoing primary elective caesarean sections.