Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
08:01

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well

Published on: February 27, 2026

Type I plasminogen activator inhibitor 4G allele frequency is associated with chronic venous insufficiency

N Katrancioglu1, S Manduz, F Ozen

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Centre Building, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, Main Street, Sivas, Turkey. nurkay@gmail.com

The Journal of International Medical Research
|October 8, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Genetic variations in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are linked to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The PAI-1 4G allele significantly increases the risk of developing CVI, impacting patient quality of life.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Coagulation Science

Background:

  • Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a prevalent condition affecting quality of life.
  • Genetic factors, particularly coagulation abnormalities, may contribute to CVI pathogenesis.
  • Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) regulates fibrinolysis, and its levels correlate with the PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism and chronic venous insufficiency.
  • To determine if PAI-1 gene variants influence CVI risk.

Main Methods:

  • Case-control study design.
  • Genotyping of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism in 34 CVI patients and 34 age- and sex-matched controls.
  • Statistical analysis to compare allele frequencies and assess risk.

Main Results:

  • The PAI-1 4G allele was significantly more frequent in CVI patients (8.8% 4G/4G, 82.4% 4G/5G) compared to controls (2.9% 4G/4G, 41.2% 4G/5G).
  • The PAI-1 4G allele was associated with a 3.25-fold increased risk of developing CVI.
  • A clear relationship between CVI and the PAI-1 4G allele was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The PAI-1 4G allele is a significant genetic risk factor for chronic venous insufficiency.
  • This finding highlights the role of the fibrinolytic system in CVI pathogenesis.
  • Further research into genetic predispositions for CVI is warranted.

More Related Videos

Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression in Cancer Cell Lines to Study the Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages to the Tumor Microenvironment10:59

Conditional Knockdown of Gene Expression in Cancer Cell Lines to Study the Recruitment of Monocytes/Macrophages to the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: November 23, 2017

Venous Thrombosis Assay in a Mouse Model of Cancer04:40

Venous Thrombosis Assay in a Mouse Model of Cancer

Published on: January 5, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
A type IV collagen molecule has six alpha chains which can exist in...
Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...