Immunological and hematological changes in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Immunology
• Hematology

Background:

• Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating both the immune system and hematopoiesis.
• Understanding the interplay between thyroid function and these systems is vital for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and compare immunological and hematological parameters in women with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
• To establish correlations between thyroid hormone levels and specific blood markers.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of 50 hypothyroid, 50 hyperthyroid, and 50 euthyroid women.
• Assessment of thyroid function via T3, T4, and TSH levels.
• Evaluation of complete blood count (CBC), white blood cell differentials, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE), and complement components (C3, C4).

Main Results:

• Hyperthyroid women exhibited significantly higher serum IgG, IgA, and IgE levels, and lower mean corpuscular volume (MCV) compared to controls.
• Hypothyroid patients showed elevated serum IgE and C3 complement levels, increased eosinophil counts, and lower red blood cell indices (hematocrit, hemoglobin).

Conclusions:

• Hyperthyroidism is associated with hypergammaglobulinemia and reduced MCV.
• Hypothyroidism presents with increased IgE, C3 complement, eosinophilia, and anemia, highlighting distinct immune and hematological profiles in thyroid dysfunction.