Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:28

Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Escalation to transplantation in refractory stone heart syndrome: a case report of advanced mechanical circulatory support failure.

Journal of cardiothoracic surgery·2026
Same author

Specific imaging of bacterial infection: a translational approach using positron emission tomography and gallium-68-labeled maltohexaose.

Theranostics·2026
Same author

Hybrid durable biventricular assist device implantation with Berlin Heart EXCOR pulsatile RVAD and a continuous flow LVAD.

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation·2026
Same author

Ten-year outcome after HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device implantation.

The Journal of cardiovascular surgery·2026
Same author

A Novel Biventricular Assist Device With a Single Driveline: A Report on the First Patient Treated.

Artificial organs·2026
Same author

Development and Validation of an Acute Large Animal Model for Type A Aortic Dissection.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2025
Same journal

Cardiotoxicity of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in HER2-Positive Cancer: Beyond Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Decline.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Celiac Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Challenges.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Valve-Specific Comparative Effectiveness of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists After Surgical Valve Procedures in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Growing Heart Valves in Congenital Cardiac Surgery: Mechanisms and Considerations for Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves, Noncryopreserved Homografts, and Partial Heart Transplantation.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Implementation Gaps and Limitations of Statin Therapy in Young Adults: Bridging Guideline Recommendations and Real-World Practice.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Cardiovascular Manifestations of Epilepsy.

Cardiology in review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
11:50

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

Published on: July 9, 2010

Functional mitral regurgitation.

Jan D Schmitto1, Lawrence S Lee, Suyog A Mokashi

  • 1Division of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Cardiology in Review
|October 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional mitral regurgitation (MR), a common condition with poor survival, involves normal valve leaflets failing to coapt. This review focuses on its complex pathophysiology and current treatment options.

More Related Videos

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
11:50

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

Published on: July 9, 2010

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Sciences

Background:

  • Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) is a prevalent clinical condition.
  • It is associated with diminished long-term survival rates.
  • Demographic shifts predict an increased incidence of functional MR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize existing literature on functional MR.
  • To focus on the pathophysiology and current treatment strategies for functional MR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on functional MR.
  • Focus on pathophysiology and treatment of functional MR.

Main Results:

  • Functional MR results from the failure of mitral valve leaflets to coapt properly.
  • The mitral valve apparatus itself is structurally normal in functional MR.
  • Symptoms progress slowly, potentially leading to irreversible left ventricular dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Functional MR is a complex condition with significant long-term implications.
  • Understanding its pathophysiology is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Current treatment strategies are under continuous investigation and development.