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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
Protein Networks02:26

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
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The gap gene network.

Johannes Jaeger1

  • 1Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universtitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. yogi.jaeger@crg.cat

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|October 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gap genes orchestrate fruit fly development by controlling segment determination. This review synthesizes genetic and molecular data to map these crucial gene regulatory networks and their evolutionary significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Gap genes are essential for establishing body segments in insects like Drosophila melanogaster.
  • Understanding their regulatory network is key to deciphering early developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current knowledge on the gap gene network in Drosophila development.
  • To review genetic and molecular evidence of regulatory interactions.
  • To discuss evolutionary aspects of gap gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive survey of experimental literature.
  • Focus on genetic and molecular evidence.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms and network interactions.

Main Results:

  • An almost-complete picture of trunk gap gene expression regulatory interactions is presented.
  • Key regulatory mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, precision, and size-regulation, are discussed.
  • Ambiguities and gaps in current evidence are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • The gap gene system offers significant insights into gene regulatory networks in development and evolution.
  • Continued study of these networks reveals novel aspects of biological systems.
  • The review provides a foundation for future research in insect development and evolution.