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The incidence of rotavirus infection in children from two selected study areas in Zimbabwe

S A Tswana1, P H Jorgensen, R W Halliwell

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical School, University of Zimbabwe, Harare.

The Central African Journal of Medicine
|October 1, 1990
PubMed

Insights

Human rotavirus (HRV) significantly causes diarrhea in young children, particularly those aged 4-24 months during cooler seasons. Close contact and poor sanitation increase HRV transmission risks.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diarrheal diseases pose a significant health burden in young children globally.
  • Human rotavirus (HRV) is a primary etiological agent of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HRV in children under 24 months presenting with diarrhea.
  • To investigate the association between HRV detection and diarrheal episodes.
  • To explore potential risk factors influencing HRV transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were employed to detect HRV in 520 fecal samples and rectal swabs.
  • Samples were collected over one year from children under 24 months, including both diarrhea and control groups.

Main Results:

  • HRV was detected in 23.6% of diarrhea samples and 8.5% of control samples, a statistically significant association (Odds Ratio = 3.32, p<0.001).
  • Highest HRV incidence occurred in 4-24 month olds during the dry, cool season.
  • Elevated HRV positivity in infants (0-6 months) suggests transmission linked to close contact and poor sanitation.

Conclusions:

  • HRV is a significant cause of diarrhea in children under two years.
  • Close human contact, crowding, and inadequate sanitation appear to facilitate HRV transmission.
  • Targeted interventions may be necessary for high-risk age groups and settings.

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