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Related Concept Videos

Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
Veins01:17

Veins

Veins are an integral part of our circulatory system, serving as the blood vessels that transport blood from all body regions to the heart. They are a network of hollow tubes that carry blood low in oxygen from the body's cells back to the heart for reoxygenation. Veins are crucial for maintaining the body's overall fluid balance and the continuous circulation of blood.
Structure of Veins:
The structure of veins is specifically designed to assist in the low-pressure transportation of blood...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Testes: Histology01:27

Testes: Histology

A tough, fibrous membrane, the tunica albuginea, covers the testes, extending inward to form fibrous partitions or septa, dividing them into internal compartments called lobules. Each lobule has 1 to 3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules where sperm production occurs. These tubules merge into a tubular network at the back of the testis, known as the rete testis. It connects to 15 to 20 efferent ductules, leading to the epididymis.
The spermatogenic cells, responsible for producing sperm, are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Grade III Varicocele Surgical Treatment using Spermatic Vein-Superficial Abdominal Vein Shunt
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Grade III Varicocele Surgical Treatment using Spermatic Vein-Superficial Abdominal Vein Shunt

Published on: August 23, 2024

Morphological changes in varicocele veins: ultrastructural study.

Adel Osman Musalam1, Refaat A Eid, Manae Al-Assiri

  • 1College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Ultrastructural Pathology
|October 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Varicocele, a common cause of male infertility, involves structural changes in spermatic veins. This study details these morphological and ultrastructural alterations in grade 3 varicocele.

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Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele
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Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Grade III Varicocele Surgical Treatment using Spermatic Vein-Superficial Abdominal Vein Shunt
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Grade III Varicocele Surgical Treatment using Spermatic Vein-Superficial Abdominal Vein Shunt

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Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele
04:49

Microscopic Varicocelectomy under Local Anesthesia as the Treatment of Varicocele

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Andrology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Varicocele affects 15% of males and is a frequent cause of infertility.
  • It involves the dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus and internal spermatic veins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the normal structure of the internal spermatic vein.
  • To describe morphological changes in grade 3 varicocele.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2-3 cm of pampiniform venous plexus from 20 varicocelectomy patients and 10 hernia patients.
  • Histological examination using hematoxylin–eosin and Masson trichrome stains.
  • Ultrastructural evaluation via scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Varicocele veins exhibited lumen narrowing/obliteration, endothelial cell destruction, intimal invagination, and collagen deposition in the media.
  • Ultrastructural findings included elongated, damaged endothelial cells, loss of the internal elastic lamina, and subendothelial ghost bodies/vacuoles.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first ultrastructural analysis of normal and varicocele human internal spermatic veins.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind these observed changes.