Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Measles in the United States during the postelimination era

Amy Parker Fiebelkorn1, Susan B Redd, Kathleen Gallagher

  • 1Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. AParker@cdc.gov

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|October 9, 2010
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Measles elimination in the US was maintained from 2001-2008 due to high measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination rates. However, international travel and personal belief exemptions pose challenges to continued measles prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Immunization

Background:

  • Measles was eliminated in the US in 2000 following a successful vaccination program.
  • Prior to vaccination, measles affected entire birth cohorts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review US measles surveillance data and vaccination coverage during the postelimination period (2001-2008).
  • To identify challenges to maintaining measles elimination.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed confirmed measles cases reported to the CDC.
  • Analyzed national measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination coverage data.
  • Examined vaccination status and exemption reasons for US-resident measles cases.

Main Results:

  • 557 measles cases and 38 outbreaks reported in the US (2001-2008), with 42% imported.
  • Highest incidence in infants (6-11 months) and young children (12-15 months).
  • 65% of US-resident cases were preventable (vaccine-eligible but unvaccinated), with 68% citing personal belief exemptions (2004-2008).

Conclusions:

  • Sustained high MMR vaccination coverage maintained measles elimination from 2001-2008.
  • International travel and unvaccinated clusters due to personal belief exemptions challenge ongoing elimination efforts.

More Related Videos

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis08:44

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test08:58

Enhanced Rabies Surveillance Using a Direct Rapid Immunohistochemical Test

Published on: April 30, 2019

Related Concept Videos

Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...