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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia
10:49

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Published on: September 18, 2013

Thyroid dysfunction caused by second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Philadelphia chromosome-positive

Theo D Kim1, Michaela Schwarz, Hendrik Nogai

  • 1Clinic for Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. theo.kim@charite.de

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|October 9, 2010
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) frequently cause thyroid dysfunction in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Regular thyroid monitoring is crucial due to the high incidence of abnormalities, including autoimmune thyroiditis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is a known side effect of first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
  • The impact of second-generation TKIs on thyroid function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of second-generation TKIs (nilotinib, dasatinib) on thyroid function.
  • To compare these effects with a first-generation TKI (imatinib).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of thyroid function tests in 73 Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia patients.
  • Assessment of imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib treatment effects.

Main Results:

  • 45% of patients experienced thyroid function abnormalities.
  • Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism occurred in 25% and 29% of patients, respectively.
  • Nilotinib (55%) and dasatinib (70%) showed higher rates of thyroid abnormalities than imatinib (25%), with some cases of autoimmune thyroiditis.

Conclusions:

  • Second-generation TKIs commonly cause thyroid dysfunction in Ph+ CML patients.
  • The high frequency of thyroid abnormalities, including autoimmune thyroiditis, necessitates long-term thyroid monitoring.
  • The exact mechanism remains unclear but warrants further research.

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