Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

Mitochondrial Membranes

Mitochondrial Membranes

A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.

Autophagic Cell Death

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The integrated stress response in apicomplexan and trypanosomatid parasites: balancing survival and pathogenesis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same author

The integrated stress response suppresses PINK1-dependent mitophagy by preserving mitochondrial import efficiency.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Myricetin mitigates trifloxystrobin neurotoxicity by modulating the integrated stress response pathway and antioxidant defense in sH-SY5Y cells.

Drug and chemical toxicology·2026

Same author

Trifloxystrobin induces oxidative stress-dependent activation of the OMA1-DELE1-HRI integrated stress response leading to apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2025

Same author

Afucosylated IgG Promote Thrombosis in Mouse Injected with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Expressing Megakaryocytes.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

FcRγIIA attenuates pathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis and modulates ITAMa/i balance.

Parasites & vectors·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Monitoring Dynamic Changes In Mitochondrial Calcium Levels During Apoptosis Using A Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

Monitoring Dynamic Changes In Mitochondrial Calcium Levels During Apoptosis Using A Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

Published on: April 1, 2011

[Mitochondrial dynamics during apoptosis].

Céline Castanier¹, Damien Arnoult

¹Inserm U1014 et Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital Paul Brousse, bâtiment Lavoisier, 14, avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France.

Medecine Sciences : M/S

|October 9, 2010

Summary

Mitochondrial fragmentation, a change in cell powerhouses, is debated as essential for programmed cell death (apoptosis). This review explores mechanisms linking mitochondrial shape to apoptosis.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biochemistry

Context:

Mitochondria form dynamic networks crucial for cellular functions.
Mitochondrial morphology is regulated by fusion and fission processes.
Altered mitochondrial morphology, including fragmentation, is observed during apoptosis.

Purpose:

To review mechanisms controlling mitochondrial morphology during apoptosis.
To discuss the connection between mitochondrial morphology regulation and apoptosis.

Summary:

Mitochondrial dynamics involve fusion and fission, influencing organelle shape and distribution.
Apoptosis is often accompanied by significant changes in mitochondrial network and cristae structure.
The necessity of mitochondrial fragmentation for apoptosis remains a contentious topic in cell biology.

More Related Videos

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Monitoring Dynamic Changes In Mitochondrial Calcium Levels During Apoptosis Using A Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

Monitoring Dynamic Changes In Mitochondrial Calcium Levels During Apoptosis Using A Genetically Encoded Calcium Sensor

Published on: April 1, 2011

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy

A Faster, High Resolution, mtPA-GFP-based Mitochondrial Fusion Assay Acquiring Kinetic Data of Multiple Cells in Parallel Using Confocal Microscopy

Published on: July 20, 2012

Impact:

Provides insights into the role of mitochondrial morphology in programmed cell death.
Highlights recent advances in understanding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics during apoptosis.
Facilitates further research into the mechanisms of apoptosis and potential therapeutic targets.