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Capacitor With A Dielectric

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Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...

Capacitor in an AC Circuit

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A capacitor is charged by passing an electric current through it, which causes the plates to start accumulating an electrostatic charge. Since the strength of the charging current is maximum when the capacitor plates are uncharged and gradually decreases exponentially until the capacitor is fully charged, the charging process is neither instantaneous nor linear. The property of a capacitor to store a charge on its plates is called its capacitance.
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MOS Capacitor

MOS Capacitor

A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
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Capacitors

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Capacitors play a crucial role in car radios, where they filter and store frequencies to ensure clear signal reception. Essentially serving as energy storage devices, capacitors store energy within their electric field and are composed of two parallel conducting plates separated by a dielectric.
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Equivalent Capacitance

Equivalent Capacitance

Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
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Equivalent Capacitance

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From the study of resistive circuits, it is understood that employing a series-parallel combination serves as an effective strategy for simplifying circuits. Capacitors can be arranged within a circuit in one of two ways: a series configuration or a parallel configuration. The way these capacitors are connected to a battery will influence both the potential drop across each individual capacitor and the size of the charge that each capacitor can store. This is determined by the specific type of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

Published on: January 7, 2022

Graphene double-layer capacitor with ac line-filtering performance.

John R Miller¹, R A Outlaw, B C Holloway

¹JME, Inc., 17210 Parkland Drive, Shaker Heights, OH 44120, USA. jmecapacitor@att.net

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 9, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Electric double-layer capacitors (DLCs) with novel graphene electrodes efficiently filter ripple current. This design offers faster response times and potential for smaller electronic devices.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrical Engineering
Electrochemistry

Background:

Electric double-layer capacitors (DLCs) exhibit high storage capacity but often function as resistors in ripple filtering applications due to their porous electrodes.
Traditional DLCs struggle with efficient filtering of AC ripple in power electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop DLCs with improved filtering performance for rectified direct current.
To investigate the use of vertically oriented graphene nanosheets for enhanced capacitor performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of DLCs using vertically oriented graphene nanosheets grown directly on metal current collectors.
Characterization of capacitor performance, including RC time constants and ripple filtering efficiency at 120 Hz.

Main Results:

Demonstrated efficient 120-hertz current filtering using the novel DLCs.
Achieved significantly reduced RC time constants (<200 microseconds) compared to typical DLCs (~1 second).
Graphene nanosheet electrodes showed increased charge storage due to exposed edge planes.

Conclusions:

Vertically oriented graphene nanosheet electrodes enable efficient ripple filtering in DLCs.
The developed DLCs offer superior performance and potential for miniaturization compared to conventional capacitors.