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Progressive structural brain changes during development of psychosis.

Tim B Ziermans1, Patricia F Schothorst, Hugo G Schnack

  • 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. tim.ziermans@ki.se

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|October 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis experience progressive structural brain changes, particularly white matter volume loss and cortical thinning, preceding the onset of psychosis. These changes are not linked to medication and indicate underlying pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is linked to brain structure alterations in young adults.
  • The timing and progression of these structural brain changes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rate of structural brain changes over time in adolescents at UHR for psychosis.
  • To compare these changes with those in healthy controls and examine differences between UHR individuals who develop psychosis and those who do not.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study comparing 43 UHR adolescents with 30 healthy controls.
  • Assessed brain volumes, cortical thickness, and voxel-based morphometry at baseline and 2-year follow-up.
  • Conducted post hoc analyses for UHR individuals who transitioned to psychosis (N=8) versus those who did not (N=35).

Main Results:

  • UHR individuals showed reduced white matter (WM) volume increase and left middle temporal gyrus thinning compared to controls.
  • Those who became psychotic exhibited greater decreases in total brain and WM volume.
  • UHR individuals with subsequent psychosis displayed widespread cortical thinning in specific brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • Psychosis development in adolescence is associated with progressive structural brain changes near its onset.
  • These observed brain changes are unlikely due to antipsychotic medication, suggesting a pathophysiological origin.
  • The findings highlight the role of structural brain alterations in the clinical manifestation of psychosis.