Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Proofreading

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...

Proofreading

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore, it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme

Internal Receptors

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Imaging in acute stroke.

The western journal of emergency medicine·2011

Same author

Emergency neurological care of strokes and bleeds.

Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shock·2010

Same author

Medical students' occupational exposures to potentially infectious agents.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2002

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy

An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy

Published on: August 17, 2018

Author's Reply

Dale Birenbaum¹

¹Chairman and Residency Program Director, Florida Hospital Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Orlando, FL, USA.

Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock

|October 9, 2010

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Light/dark Transition Test for Mice

Light/dark Transition Test for Mice

Published on: November 13, 2006

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy

An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy

Published on: August 17, 2018

Light/dark Transition Test for Mice

Light/dark Transition Test for Mice

Published on: November 13, 2006