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Meiosis I

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...

Cohesins

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia

Cellular Adaptation IV: Dysplasia and Metaplasia

DysplasiaDysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells, characterized by pleomorphism, nuclear abnormalities, and increased mitotic activity. It commonly affects epithelial tissues, including the cervix, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory mucosa, and endometrium. Although it may occur alongside hyperplasia, dysplasia is not a true adaptive response but a preneoplastic change with potential to progress to cancer.When confined above the basement...

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Cleidocranial dysplasia.

Ramakant Dixit¹, Kalpana Dixit, A R Paramez

¹Department of Pulmonary Medicine, JLN Medical College, Ajmer and Samarpan Child Clinic, Taragarh Link Road, Ajmer, India.

Lung India : Official Organ of Indian Chest Society

|October 9, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone development. This case study highlights a seven-year-old girl with typical symptoms, emphasizing the condition's characteristic skeletal and dental anomalies.

Keywords:

Clavicle hypoplasia cleidocranial dysplasia genetic disorder

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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Visualization of Chondrocyte Intercalation and Directional Proliferation via Zebrabow Clonal Cell Analysis in the Embryonic Meckel’s Cartilage

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Published on: October 21, 2015

Area of Science:

Genetics
Pediatrics
Skeletal Dysplasias

Background:

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder.
It involves generalized bone dysplasia with characteristic features.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a case of a pediatric patient with cleidocranial dysplasia.
To illustrate the classical clinical manifestations of the condition.

Main Methods:

Case report of a seven-year-old female.
Clinical examination focusing on skeletal and dental features.

Main Results:

The patient presented with classical features of cleidocranial dysplasia.
Key findings included delayed cranial suture closure, hypoplastic clavicles, short stature, and dental abnormalities.

Conclusions:

Cleidocranial dysplasia presents with a recognizable pattern of skeletal and dental anomalies.
Early recognition is crucial for managing associated complications in affected children.