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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I01:24

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I

Polymerization produces macromolecules with a range of chain lengths due to the random nature of molecular growth processes. As chains form and terminate at different stages, a single polymer sample contains molecules of varying sizes rather than a uniform structure. This variability is described using average molar masses and distribution-related parameters, which together provide a comprehensive understanding of polymer characteristics.The distribution of molar masses plays a critical role in...
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers II01:27

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers II

Polymer samples typically consist of macromolecular chains with a distribution of lengths, resulting in a range of molar masses rather than a single discrete value. Conventional descriptors such as the number-average molar mass and weight-average molar mass quantify this distribution but do not fully capture polymer behavior in solution..The viscosity-average molar mass provides a more realistic description of polymer behavior in solution because it accounts for the enhanced contribution of...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers01:28

Classification and Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are classified as elastomers, fibers, or plastics based on their crystallinity. Crystallinity, the degree of long-range order in the solid state, influences the mechanical properties (stretching or contracting) of elastomers. Elastomers are flexible polymers that can expand or contract easily upon the application of an external force. They have numerous crosslinks that pull them back into their original shape when stress is removed. Silicones, for instance, are highly elastic...
Qualitative Analysis01:10

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative analysis is the process of identifying elements, ions, or compounds in an unknown sample. It is the first and most fundamental type of analysis based on the hierarchy of analytical goals. This hierarchy is significant as it provides a structured approach to scientific research, with qualitative analysis serving as the initial step, providing essential information before moving on to quantitative or other forms of analysis.
There are two main approaches to qualitative analysis:...

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Quantitative characterization of multicomponent polymers by sample-controlled thermal analysis.

Pedro E Sánchez-Jiménez1, Luis A Pérez-Maqueda, José E Crespo-Amorós

  • 1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, C.S.I.C.-Universidad de Sevilla, C. Américo Vespucio no. 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 03801 Alcoy-Alicante, Spain.

Analytical Chemistry
|October 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sample-controlled thermal analysis (SCTA) offers enhanced resolution for analyzing polymer blends. This method precisely determines the composition of materials like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blends, overcoming limitations of conventional thermogravimetric techniques.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

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Published on: September 26, 2016

MALDI-ToF MS Method for the Characterization of Synthetic Polymers with Varying Dispersity and End Groups
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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)
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Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)

Published on: May 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) struggles with multicomponent polymeric materials exhibiting similar thermal stabilities.
  • Existing methods are often insufficient for precise compositional analysis of complex polymer blends, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with plasticizers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the efficacy of sample-controlled thermal analysis (SCTA) for compositional analysis of multicomponent polymers.
  • To demonstrate the superior resolving power of SCTA compared to conventional thermogravimetric methods for challenging polymer systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sample-controlled thermal analysis (SCTA) with a feedback system controlling reaction rate evolution, not temperature-time profiles.
  • Investigated various SCTA procedures, including constant rate thermal analysis (CRTA), high-resolution, and stepwise isothermal analysis.
  • Compared SCTA results against the linear heating rate technique for validation.

Main Results:

  • SCTA demonstrated significantly higher resolving power for differentiating components with similar thermal stabilities.
  • Constant rate thermal analysis (CRTA) proved effective in accurately determining the composition of PVC and plasticizer blends.
  • Conventional thermogravimetric experiments were found to be inadequate for this specific polymer blend analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Sample-controlled thermal analysis (SCTA), particularly CRTA, is a powerful technique for the precise compositional analysis of multicomponent polymeric materials.
  • SCTA overcomes the limitations of conventional methods when analyzing polymer blends with components of closely related thermal degradation profiles.
  • The study validates CRTA as a reliable method for determining the exact composition of challenging polymer systems.