Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...

Automated Microbial Diagnostics

Automated Microbial Diagnostics

Automated diagnostic analyzers have transformed clinical microbiology by providing rapid and reliable methods for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among these systems, the Vitek 2 is widely used because it automates the traditionally labor-intensive processes of microbial identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), delivering standardized and timely results that are essential for effective patient care.Microbial Identification with ID CardsThe...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Identification of cognitive predictors of remission in depression following limited effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on hot and cold cognitive systems.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026

Same author

Virtual Reality Portable Perimetry and Home Monitoring of Glaucoma: Retention and Compliance over a 2-year Period.

Ophthalmology science·2024

Same author

TORONTO: A trial-oriented multidimensional psychometric testing algorithm.

Journal of vision·2024

Same author

Improving the robustness of the Sequentially Optimized Reconstruction Strategy (SORS) for visual field testing.

PloS one·2024

Same author

Using Fused Data from Perimetry and Optical Coherence Tomography to Improve the Detection of Visual Field Progression in Glaucoma.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Same author

A Data-Driven Model for Simulating Longitudinal Visual Field Tests in Glaucoma.

Translational vision science & technology·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Published on: March 24, 2020

An automated Hirschberg test for infants.

Dmitri Model¹, Moshe Eizenman

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada. dmitri.model@utoronto.ca

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering

|October 12, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new automated method accurately measures infant eye misalignment using Hirschberg ratio and angle Kappa. This technique offers reliable, objective assessment for pediatric eye conditions.

More Related Videos

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

Published on: March 24, 2020

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pediatric Medicine
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Infant eye misalignment, such as strabismus, requires accurate and objective measurement for timely diagnosis and treatment.
Current methods for assessing eye alignment in infants can be subjective and time-consuming.
Objective quantification of ocular alignment parameters is crucial for understanding visual development.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate a novel automated method for measuring eye misalignment in infants.
To determine the accuracy and reliability of the automated method using key ocular parameters.
To establish objective metrics for assessing infant eye alignment.

Main Methods:

An automated system was developed to estimate the Hirschberg ratio (HR) and angle Kappa (κ) from sequential image presentations.
Measurements included optical axis direction, pupil center coordinates, and corneal reflexes in each eye.
Angle Kappa was determined by the peak distribution during image viewing; HR was calculated from the optical axis direction relative to pupil-corneal reflex distance.

Main Results:

The automated method demonstrated high reliability for angle Kappa measurements, with 95% limits of agreement of ±0.61°.
In orthotropic infants, the maximum error in eye alignment estimation was 0.9°, with 95% limits of agreement of 0.75°.
The system successfully automated the estimation of critical parameters for eye misalignment assessment.

Conclusions:

The novel automated method provides an accurate and reproducible means to measure eye misalignment in infants.
This technique has the potential to improve the objective assessment of pediatric eye alignment.
Further validation in larger infant cohorts is warranted to confirm clinical utility.