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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...

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Related Experiment Video

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In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
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Lipid lowering with thyroid hormone and thyromimetics.

Bo Angelin1, Mats Rudling

  • 1Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. bo.angelin@ki.se

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|October 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone analogs selectively target the liver to improve lipid metabolism and cholesterol elimination. These thyromimetics show promise for managing cholesterol levels, particularly when combined with statins.

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Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
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Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones regulate lipid metabolism via nuclear receptors (TRα and TRβ).
  • TRβ is primarily involved in hepatic cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism.
  • Selective thyromimetics aim to leverage TRβ's effects with reduced systemic side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanism of thyroid hormone action on lipid metabolism.
  • To summarize studies on novel thyromimetic drugs in animal and human models.
  • To identify future research directions for thyromimetic drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on thyroid hormone receptors and lipid metabolism.
  • Analysis of preclinical (animal) and clinical (human) studies of thyromimetic drugs.
  • Evaluation of the effects of thyromimetics on lipid profiles and atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone analogs (thyromimetics) selectively activate TRβ in the liver.
  • These drugs enhance hepatic LDL receptor activity, promoting cholesterol elimination.
  • In humans, eprotirome demonstrated favorable lipid modulation, reducing LDL, non-HDL, and triglycerides, even with statin therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Liver-specific, TRβ-selective thyromimetics optimize lipid metabolism and cholesterol excretion.
  • These agents offer a potential therapeutic strategy for dyslipidemia.
  • Long-term safety and clinical utility require further investigation.