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Related Concept Videos

Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to black holes.
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Space-Time Curvature and the General Theory of Relativity

In 1905, Albert Einstein published his special theory of relativity. According to this theory, no matter in the universe can attain a speed greater than the speed of light in a vacuum, which thus serves as the speed limit of the universe.
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Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

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Influence of a solar eclipse on twilight.

E H Geyer, M Hoffmann, H Volland

    Applied Optics
    |October 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    During a 1990 solar eclipse, twilight sky brightness significantly decreased away from the central zone. Air pressure profiles between 100-200 km altitude were key to understanding this twilight radiation.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Physics
    • Solar Eclipses
    • Radiative Transfer

    Background:

    • Solar eclipses offer unique opportunities to study atmospheric phenomena.
    • Twilight sky luminance is influenced by atmospheric composition and structure.
    • Previous studies have explored eclipse effects on atmospheric conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure and analyze twilight sky luminance during a total solar eclipse.
    • To investigate the impact of solar eclipses on atmospheric radiation far from the central zone.
    • To model the observed luminance variations using atmospheric scattering principles.

    Main Methods:

    • Photometric measurements of morning twilight sky luminance were conducted at Hoher-List Observatory.
    • Observations were made during the total solar eclipse of July 22, 1990, at a location distant from the central eclipse zone.

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  • A first-order scattering model was employed to interpret the observational data.

    • Main Results:

    • A pronounced minimum in twilight luminance was observed during the main phase of the solar eclipse compared to normal conditions.
    • The first-order scattering model successfully explained the observed luminance patterns.
    • The model indicated that air pressure profiles between 100 and 200 km altitude are critical factors influencing twilight sky radiation.

    Conclusions:

    • Solar eclipses significantly reduce twilight sky luminance even at locations outside the central umbra.
    • Atmospheric pressure variations at high altitudes play a primary role in determining twilight radiation during eclipses.
    • The study validates the use of scattering models for understanding atmospheric radiative transfer during such celestial events.