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Related Concept Videos

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry01:26

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half has a uniform...
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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
11:34

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

Rainbow scattering by a coated sphere.

J A Lock, J M Jamison, C Y Lin

    Applied Optics
    |October 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Rainbow phenomena in coated spheres differ from homogeneous spheres. Varying core radius and coating thickness reveals oscillatory intensity, twin rainbows, and extinction transitions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Electromagnetism
    • Scattering Theory

    Background:

    • Rainbows are optical phenomena typically studied in homogeneous spheres.
    • Understanding light scattering from coated particles is crucial for atmospheric optics and material science.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the distinct rainbow behaviors in coated spheres compared to homogeneous ones.
    • To analyze the influence of core radius and coating thickness on rainbow characteristics.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized both geometric ray theory and Aden-Kerker wave theory.
    • Performed Debye series decomposition of coated-sphere scattering amplitudes.

    Main Results:

    • Identified three novel rainbow phenomena not observed in homogeneous spheres.
    • Observed oscillatory intensity for thin coatings (δ/a(12) ≲ 10⁻³).
    • Found first-order rainbow splitting into twin rainbows for intermediate coatings (δ/a(12) ≈ 10⁻²).
    • Documented rainbow-extinction transitions for thicker coatings (δ/a(12) ≈ 0.33).

    Conclusions:

    • Coated spheres exhibit complex rainbow behaviors dependent on the core-to-coating ratio.
    • The findings provide physical interpretations for these unique optical phenomena.
    • Debye series analysis aids in understanding the underlying scattering mechanisms.