Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Optical considerations for an acoustooptic deflector.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Characteristics of a propagating gaussian beam.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Remote detection of Raman scattering by use of a holographic optical element as a dispersive telescope.

Optics letters·2007
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Holographic polarization-separation elements.

L D Dickson, R D Rallison, B H Yung

    Applied Optics
    |October 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Volume holographic optical elements show polarization-dependent diffraction, a property called bidiffringence. These holographic polarization separators offer improved performance over conventional elements.

    More Related Videos

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
    08:48

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

    Published on: September 25, 2020

    Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
    16:20

    Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

    Published on: September 6, 2012

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

    Published on: September 5, 2019

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms
    08:48

    Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

    Published on: September 25, 2020

    Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
    16:20

    Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

    Published on: September 6, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Holography
    • Polarization Optics

    Background:

    • Volume holographic optical elements (VHOEs) possess unique polarization-dependent properties.
    • Bidiffringence, a phenomenon where diffraction efficiency varies with incident beam polarization, is a key characteristic of VHOEs.
    • Conventional birefringent elements have limitations in angular separation and parameter flexibility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and construct dual-element volume holographic polarization separators.
    • To leverage bidiffringence for enhanced polarization separation.
    • To compare experimental results with theoretical predictions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing dichromated gelatin as the holographic medium for fabricating VHOEs.
    • Designing holographic polarization separators based on bidiffringence principles.
    • Employing Kogelnik coupled wave theory for theoretical analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated high extinction ratios in holographic polarization separators.
    • Achieved greater angular separation of polarized beams compared to conventional elements.
    • Showcased increased flexibility in beam-separation parameters.

    Conclusions:

    • Dual-element volume holographic polarization separators effectively utilize bidiffringence.
    • Holographic separators offer superior performance and design flexibility over conventional birefringent elements.
    • Experimental validation aligns with Kogelnik coupled wave theory predictions.