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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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Published on: August 6, 2018

Atmospheric Raman depolarization-ratio measurements.

U Wandinger, A Ansmann, C Weitkamp

    Applied Optics
    |October 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study measures the nitrogen Raman depolarization ratio using lidar. Findings reveal how multiple scattering impacts lidar profiles of cloud parameters.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Remote Sensing
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Accurate cloud parameter retrieval is crucial for climate modeling.
    • Lidar technology offers vertical atmospheric profiling capabilities.
    • Multiple scattering effects can introduce significant errors in lidar measurements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of multiple scattering on lidar-derived cloud parameters.
    • To quantify the impact of multiple scattering on the nitrogen Raman depolarization ratio.
    • To improve the accuracy of lidar-based atmospheric measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a lidar system to measure the nitrogen Raman depolarization ratio.
    • Analyzing lidar backscatter signals to assess multiple scattering effects.
    • Comparing single and multiple scattering contributions to the depolarization ratio.

    Main Results:

    • Multiple scattering significantly affects the lidar profile of cloud parameters.
    • The nitrogen Raman depolarization ratio is sensitive to multiple scattering.
    • Quantified the extent of deviation in cloud parameters due to multiple scattering.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiple scattering must be accounted for in lidar cloud remote sensing.
    • The nitrogen Raman depolarization ratio serves as an indicator of multiple scattering.
    • Improved understanding enhances the reliability of lidar for atmospheric studies.