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Related Concept Videos

TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
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TGF-ß signalling and tooth development.

Xiao Feng Huang1, Yang Chai

  • 1Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.

The Chinese Journal of Dental Research
|October 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members regulate cell behavior and organ development. This review details their role in tooth crown and root formation, including Smad-dependent and independent pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are crucial regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • TGF-β signaling pathways are essential for the morphogenesis of developing organs, including the mouse tooth germ.
  • Tooth organogenesis involves intricate interactions between ectoderm and mesenchyme, orchestrated by conserved signaling pathways like TGF-β.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential functions of the TGF-β superfamily during tooth crown patterning and root development.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in tooth organogenesis.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling organogenesis using the mouse tooth germ model.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TGF-β superfamily signaling in tooth development.
  • Analysis of conserved signaling pathways regulating ectodermal appendage development.
  • Examination of Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signaling mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The TGF-β superfamily, including TGF-β, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and activin, plays a vital role in tooth crown patterning.
  • These signaling pathways are critical for subsequent tooth root development.
  • Recent research has elucidated the roles of Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways in regulating tissue interactions during tooth patterning.

Conclusions:

  • The TGF-β superfamily is indispensable for the precise patterning and development of tooth crowns and roots.
  • Understanding Smad-dependent and independent pathways provides key insights into the molecular control of tooth organogenesis.
  • The mouse tooth germ serves as an effective model for studying conserved organogenesis mechanisms.