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Updated: Jun 8, 2026
Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Comparison of common hard tissue cephalometric measurements between computed tomography 3D reconstruction and
Oded Yitschaky1, Meir Redlich, Yossi Abed
1Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Objective:
To compare cephalostat two-dimensional (2D) measurements to 3D computed tomography (CT) measurements in order to determine the compatibility of CT landmarks identification for orthodontic purposes.
Materials And Methods:
Ten human skulls were x-rayed in conventional lateral cephalogram and then scanned with spiral CT. Twenty-eight linear and angular cephalometric measurements were registered on the 2D lateral cephalogram and compared to the same measurement on the 3D CT scan. Significance of the results was determined by t-test for paired differences (P < .05).
Results:
No difference was found between 2D and 3D images for linear or ratio measurements. As for the angular cephalometric measurements, only the sella turcica dependent measurements, showed significant difference between 2D and 3D.
Conclusions:
The compatibility of using most of the common orthodontic examined cephalometric measurements on 3D volume rendered image was proven except for the angular measurements that included sella anatomic landmark.
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