Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Insufficient Sleep Syndrome in Children and Adolescents.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Identification of endometrial CD169<sup>+</sup> macrophages essential for Treg cell accumulation and implantation.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Cultivating sleep literacy across generations: possible parental influence from childhood to adolescence.

Sleep and biological rhythms·2026
Same author

Generation of a human iPSC line with EGFP knock-in at the ATRX locus for visualization of chromatin remodeler dynamics and nuclear condensate formation.

Stem cell research·2025
Same author

Phase separated condensates of ATRX regulate neural progenitor identity.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Histological effects of combined therapy involving scar resection, decellularized scaffolds, and human iPSC-NS/PCs transplantation in chronic complete spinal cord injury.

Scientific reports·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Sleep health and asynchronization.

Jun Kohyama1

  • 1Tokyo Bay Urayasu/Ichikawa Medical Center, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan. j-kohyama@jadecom.or.jp

Brain & Development
|October 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Asynchronization, a novel concept, explains childhood sleep disturbances like daytime sleepiness and insomnia. It involves disrupted biological rhythms, often triggered by light exposure, and may worsen without intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Circadian Rhythms

Background:

  • Childhood sleep disturbances, including daytime sleepiness and insomnia, are prevalent.
  • A novel concept, asynchronization, is proposed to explain the pathophysiology of these sleep issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and explain the clinical concept of asynchronization.
  • To identify potential triggers and phases of asynchronization.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes a theoretical framework based on existing research on biological rhythms and sleep.
  • It discusses the role of light exposure and sleep hygiene in disrupting circadian oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Asynchronization involves disturbances in circadian rhythms, potentially triggered by nighttime light exposure and lack of morning light.

More Related Videos

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice
10:56

Quantifying Infra-slow Dynamics of Spectral Power and Heart Rate in Sleeping Mice

Published on: August 2, 2017

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

  • An early, functional phase may be resolved by establishing a regular sleep-wake cycle, while a chronic phase is less responsive to interventions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Asynchronization offers a new perspective on childhood sleep problems.
    • Further research is needed to understand the transition to chronic phases and recovery challenges.