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Related Concept Videos

Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

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Corneal and Limbal Alkali Injury Induction Using a Punch-Trephine Technique in a Mouse Model
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Conjunctival transcriptome in scarring trachoma.

Matthew J Burton1, Saul N Rajak, Julien Bauer

  • 1Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom. matthew.burton@lshtm.ac.uk

Infection and Immunity
|October 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Trachoma involves inflammation and tissue remodeling, even without active Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Gene expression reveals epithelial involvement in scarring, suggesting complex host responses in this immunofibrogenic disease.

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Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Trachoma is an immunofibrogenic disease initiated by Chlamydia trachomatis.
  • The host response in trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and trachomatous trichiasis with inflammation (TTI) is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in conjunctival gene expression profiles between Ethiopians with TT/TTI and controls.
  • To identify host response pathways relevant to trachoma pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis of tarsal conjunctival swabs from 42 individuals (TTI, TT, Controls).
  • Validation of 16 mRNA targets using multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in 386 case-control pairs.
  • Chlamydia trachomatis PCR on 772 samples.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression indicated squamous metaplasia, pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL1β, CXCL5, S100A7), and tissue remodeling (MMPs, HAS3) in cases.
  • Increased INDO, NOS2A, and IL13RA2, with reduced IL13 in cases.
  • Chlamydia trachomatis detected in only 1/772 samples.
  • Inflammation and remodeling were more pronounced in TTI cases and active without current infection.

Conclusions:

  • The conjunctival epithelium actively contributes to late-stage trachoma through pro-inflammatory factor production.
  • Host responses, including inflammation and tissue remodeling, are active in cicatricial trachoma, independent of active Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand progressive scarring and the impact of chlamydial control in established disease.