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Related Concept Videos

Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
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Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.Although predation is commonly associated with carnivory, for...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

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Conservation of Small Populations

Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...

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Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
07:21

Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

Published on: August 25, 2018

Invasive honeysuckle eradication reduces tick-borne disease risk by altering host dynamics.

Brian F Allan1, Humberto P Dutra, Lisa S Goessling

  • 1Tyson Research Center, Washington University, Eureka, MO 63025, USA. ballan@illinois.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Invasive Amur honeysuckle increases human risk of ehrlichiosis by attracting deer, which host disease-carrying ticks. Removing honeysuckle can reduce tick-borne disease exposure.

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Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
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Tick Microbiome Characterization by Next-Generation 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing
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Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
08:23

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research

Published on: August 31, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Biological invasions pose significant ecological threats.
  • The impact of invasive species on human health, particularly vector-borne diseases, is understudied.
  • Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) is a widespread invasive shrub in North America.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the link between Amur honeysuckle invasion and human risk of ehrlichiosis.
  • To elucidate the ecological mechanisms by which invasive honeysuckle influences tick-borne disease transmission.
  • To assess the potential of invasive species management for mitigating public health risks.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale observational surveys in the St. Louis, Missouri region.
  • Monitoring of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) activity in relation to honeysuckle presence.
  • Quantification of infected tick (Amblyomma americanum) populations in invaded and uninvaded areas.
  • Experimental removal of Amur honeysuckle to assess causal relationships.

Main Results:

  • White-tailed deer, a key tick host, preferentially utilized areas invaded by Amur honeysuckle.
  • Honeysuckle-invaded areas exhibited significantly higher densities of pathogen-infected ticks.
  • Experimental honeysuckle removal led to reduced deer activity and fewer infected ticks.
  • Tick blood meal analysis showed a shift away from deer following honeysuckle removal.

Conclusions:

  • Amur honeysuckle invasion facilitates the transmission of ehrlichiosis by altering host-pathogen dynamics.
  • Eradication of invasive honeysuckle is a potential strategy to reduce human exposure to tick-borne diseases.
  • Managing biological invasions can contribute to public health by reducing vector-borne disease burdens.