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Related Concept Videos

Classical Conditioning in Daily Life01:17

Classical Conditioning in Daily Life

Classical conditioning, a fundamental principle of associative learning, explains various phenomena observed in daily life, such as fear development, the placebo effect, taste aversion, and drug habituation. These applications demonstrate the profound impact of associative learning on human behavior and physiological responses.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner famously demonstrated the development of fear through classical conditioning in their experiment with Little Albert. They paired the...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents
07:52

Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents

Published on: June 2, 2015

Postconditioning: from the bench to bedside.

Martin Cour1, Ludovic Gomez, Nathan Mewton

  • 1INSERM, U886-Cardioprotection, Lyon, France.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|October 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ischemic postconditioning, a method of brief ischemia-reperfusion, significantly reduces myocardial infarct size by approximately 50%. This cardioprotection mechanism targets the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), showing promise for clinical application.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Myocardial infarct size is influenced by ischemia and reperfusion injury.
  • Reperfusion injury can account for up to 50% of the final infarct size.
  • Ischemic postconditioning is a novel cardioprotection strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical data on ischemic and pharmacological postconditioning.
  • To explore the translation of these findings to clinical therapeutics.
  • To highlight the role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) in cardioprotection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental evidence on ischemic postconditioning in animal models.
  • Analysis of studies investigating pharmacological PTP inhibition.
  • Examination of preliminary human trial data on cyclosporine A administration.

Main Results:

  • Ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size by approximately 50% in vivo.
  • Pharmacological PTP inhibition mimics cardioprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning.
  • Cyclosporine A administration before percutaneous coronary intervention correlated with smaller infarct size.

Conclusions:

  • Ischemic and pharmacological postconditioning are potent cardioprotection mechanisms.
  • The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) is a key target for preventing lethal reperfusion injury.
  • Further clinical translation of postconditioning strategies is warranted.