Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
Published on: January 10, 2025
Androgen therapy in hypogonadal adolescent males
Abstract:
Androgen treatment represents a main aspect of clinical management of boys with hypogonadism from adolescence onwards. Androgen replacement therapy is required to induce secondary sexual characteristics and adult male body composition, to optimize the accrual of bone mineral content and muscle mass, and to promote physical and social well-being. Testosterone is the only sex steroid hormone suitable for treatment in hypogonadal boys as it fulfils all the physiological requirements. However, the optimal regimens for androgen replacement therapy during adolescence remain to be defined. The new testosterone formulations (patch, gel, transbuccal and long-acting) have been designed for use in adults and the available dosages are probably too high to induce and manage puberty in adolescents properly. The aim of this paper is to provide practical indications for androgen treatment in male adolescents with hypogonadism.
Related Concept Videos
Signs of Puberty
Testosterone: Functions and Regulation
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Infertility in Males
Gonadal and Placental Hormones
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Adrenal Gland Disorders
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
