Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Native extracellular matrix probes to target patient- and tissue-specific cell-microenvironment interactions by force spectroscopy.

Nanoscale·2023
Same author

[Erratum to: COVID-19 pandemic: structured expansion of ventilation capacities using home respirators].

Der Anaesthesist·2020
Same author

Adhesion force spectroscopy with nanostructured colloidal probes reveals nanotopography-dependent early mechanotransductive interactions at the cell membrane level.

Nanoscale·2020
Same author

[COVID-19 pandemic: structured expansion of ventilation capacities using home respirators].

Der Anaesthesist·2020
Same author

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).

Molecular metabolism·2019
Same author

Do longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid profiles correspond to postmortem brain pathology in LRRK2 Parkinson's disease?

European journal of neurology·2019
Same journal

The impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on objective physical activity in adults: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
Same journal

Target tissue insulin resistance in early and late onset of overweight or obesity.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
Same journal

Decision tree-based prediction of 5-year weight trajectories after bariatric surgery in adolescents and young adults: a retrospective cohort study from France and Sweden.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
Same journal

The regulatory effects of growth hormone on adipose tissue at physiological and pathological levels and its relationship with obesity.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
Same journal

Risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and hepatic fibrosis: a large-scale study from the Middle East.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
Same journal

Expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in the blood of adolescents with and without obesity.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

A polymorphism in the gene encoding AdipoR1 affects olfactory recognition.

M Guthoff1, O Tschritter, D Berg

  • 1Internal Medicine IV, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.

International Journal of Obesity (2005)
|October 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A common genetic variation in adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) is linked to impaired olfactory recognition in healthy individuals. This finding suggests AdipoR1

More Related Videos

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay
09:11

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Published on: October 2, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay
09:11

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Published on: October 2, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic and Endocrine Research
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) gene polymorphisms are linked to metabolic disorders like insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
  • AdipoR1 is expressed in the central nervous system and olfactory mucosa, suggesting a potential role in olfactory function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between a common AdipoR1 gene polymorphism (rs6666089) and olfactory recognition in healthy subjects.
  • To explore the potential impact of AdipoR1 variation on olfactory function, independent of metabolic parameters.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 222 healthy subjects were genotyped for the AdipoR1 polymorphism rs6666089.
  • Olfactory recognition was assessed using standardized sniffing sticks.
  • Glucose metabolism parameters and serum adiponectin levels were measured.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in olfactory recognition was observed in carriers of the AdipoR1 polymorphism rs6666089 (P = 0.0004).
  • No significant impact of adiponectin levels on olfactory recognition was found.
  • No differences in fasting glucose, insulin, BMI, or HbA1c were observed between genotype groups.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic variation in the AdipoR1 gene is associated with reduced olfactory recognition in healthy individuals.
  • Adiponectin signaling may play a role in olfactory function and appetite regulation.