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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Partial Bile Duct Ligation in the Mouse: A Controlled Model of Localized Obstructive Cholestasis
04:38

Partial Bile Duct Ligation in the Mouse: A Controlled Model of Localized Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: March 28, 2018

Primary sclerosing cholangitis: overview and update.

Flavia Mendes1, Keith D Lindor

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami VA Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th Street Miami, FL 33125, USA.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|October 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease often linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Research is ongoing into its causes, with liver transplantation being the only cure.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Partial Bile Duct Ligation in the Mouse: A Controlled Model of Localized Obstructive Cholestasis
04:38

Partial Bile Duct Ligation in the Mouse: A Controlled Model of Localized Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: March 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic cholestatic liver disease.
  • PSC frequently co-occurs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), increasing colorectal cancer risk.
  • PSC can lead to end-stage liver disease and reduced patient survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.
  • To highlight the association of PSC with IBD and cancer risks.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis, complications, and treatment of PSC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PSC.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data regarding PSC prevalence and outcomes.
  • Review of pathogenetic mechanisms, including genetic and immunologic factors.

Main Results:

  • PSC affects middle-aged men predominantly and is linked to IBD.
  • Increased risks of colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma are associated with PSC.
  • Current understanding of PSC pathogenesis involves genetic and immune factors.

Conclusions:

  • Effective medical therapies for PSC are currently lacking.
  • Liver transplantation remains the only curative option for PSC.
  • PSC significantly impacts patient survival and quality of life.