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Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Studies on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Grain Boundaries

Atom Probe Tomography Studies on the Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Grain Boundaries

Published on: April 22, 2013

[Progress in atomic spectrochemical analysis and its application].

Ke-ling Liu¹, Yun-shan Wang, Jin-ping Zhang

¹Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. klliu@home.ipe.ac.cn

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu

|October 14, 2010

Summary

This review highlights advancements in analytical atomic spectrometry, including atomic absorption, emission, fluorescence, laser-induced breakdown, and mass spectrometry. Miniaturization through Lab-on-chips and microplasmas is driving innovation in food and medicine analysis.

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Atom Probe Tomography Studies on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Grain Boundaries

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Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

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Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds

Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds

Published on: October 18, 2018

Area of Science:

Analytical atomic spectrometry techniques
Advancements in instrumentation and methodology

Context:

Focus on applications in food and medicine
Emergence of Lab-on-chips and microplasmas for miniaturization

Purpose:

Review the latest progress in analytical atomic spectrometry
Highlight key techniques like AAS, AES, AFS, LIBS, and AMS

Summary:

Covers progress in atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic emission spectrometry (AES), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), laser induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS), and atomic mass spectrometry (AMS).
Emphasizes applications in food and medicine analysis.
Discusses the impact of Lab-on-chips and microplasmas on instrument miniaturization and the continued popularity of laser and hyphenated techniques for speciation studies.

Impact:

Facilitates the development of miniaturized analytical atomic instruments.
Supports speciation studies through advanced laser and hyphenated techniques.
Enhances analytical capabilities in critical fields like food safety and medical diagnostics.