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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays areĀ  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. TheĀ  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...

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Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
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Data preparation and evaluation techniques for x-ray diffraction microscopy.

Jan Steinbrener1, Johanna Nelson, Xiaojing Huang

  • 1Department of Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. jan.steinbrener@stonybrook.edu

Optics Express
|October 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Automating X-ray Diffraction Microscopy data assembly improves reconstruction consistency. New criteria enhance the phase retrieval transfer function for assessing results quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Microscopy
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Post-experiment processing of X-ray Diffraction Microscopy data is complex and time-consuming.
  • Assessing the quality and consistency of phase retrieval in reconstructions remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated method for assembling 2D diffraction patterns from raw data.
  • To establish improved criteria for evaluating the quality of phase retrieval reconstructions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed software to automate the assembly of 2D diffraction patterns.
  • Derived validity criteria for the phase retrieval transfer function (PRTF).
  • Proposed a modified PRTF for enhanced reconstruction quality assessment.

Main Results:

  • Automated assembly yields consistently accurate diffraction patterns.
  • The developed criteria and modified PRTF improve the assessment of reconstruction consistency.
  • The process significantly reduces the difficulty of post-experiment data processing.

Conclusions:

  • Automated diffraction pattern assembly is critical for high-consistency X-ray Diffraction Microscopy reconstructions.
  • The refined PRTF offers improved utility for judging reconstruction quality.
  • This work streamlines data analysis and enhances the reliability of microscopy results.