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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
09:40

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Published on: February 14, 2014

Stepped-heterodyne optical complex spectrum analyzer.

D A Reid1, S G Murdoch, L P Barry

  • 1Research Institute for Networks and Communications Engineering, School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.

Optics Express
|October 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel heterodyne measurement for optical signals, simplifying spectral analysis without modulation or electronic clocks. The technique accurately characterizes complex signals, including high-speed and multi-mode optical sources.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Signal Processing
  • Optical Communications

Background:

  • Characterizing spectral amplitude and phase of optical signals is crucial for high-speed communication systems.
  • Existing methods often require complex optical modulation or precise electronic clock synchronization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a simplified heterodyne measurement technique for spectral amplitude and phase of periodic optical signals.
  • To reduce the complexity and requirements of previous optical signal characterization methods.

Main Methods:

  • A heterodyne measurement approach was employed without requiring optical modulation of the signal or local oscillator.
  • The technique relaxes tunability requirements on the optical local oscillator and eliminates the need for a synchronized electronic clock at the receiver.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured the spectral amplitude and phase of 20 GHz return-to-zero (RZ) and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ) optical signals.
  • Characterized a passively mode-locked optical source generating over 100 optical modes.

Conclusions:

  • The presented heterodyne measurement offers a more practical and less demanding approach for analyzing optical signal spectra.
  • This technique is suitable for characterizing various complex optical signals, advancing optical signal processing and communication research.